Neonatology and Pediatrics

Pediatric Anemia: Diagnosis and Treatment

Pediatric anemia is a common global health concern, particularly among infants and young children, and may result from nutritional deficiencies, infections, inherited disorders, or chronic diseases. This session explores age-specific hemoglobin assessment, complete blood counts, peripheral blood smears, iron studies, and dietary evaluation to identify underlying causes. Participants will examine different types of anemia, including iron-deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic disease, with emphasis on distinguishing microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic patterns. Current management approaches, including iron supplementation, nutritional interventions, treatment of underlying conditions, and appropriate follow-up, will be discussed. The session will also highlight public health strategies such as food fortification and preventive supplementation. Early recognition and effective management are essential for protecting cognitive development, physical growth, immunity, and long-term health in pediatric patients.