Neonatology and Pediatrics

Vaccination Strategies in Preterm Infants

Vaccinating preterm and low-birth-weight infants presents unique challenges due to their immature immune systems, underlying medical conditions, and often prolonged hospital stays. However, timely immunization remains essential to protect these vulnerable infants from serious and potentially life-threatening infections. This session explores current recommendations for vaccination of preterm and low-birth-weight infants, including appropriate schedules, timing, catch-up strategies, and considerations for immunization within NICU settings. Participants will examine evidence regarding vaccine immunogenicity, safety, adverse reactions, contraindications, and clinical considerations for medically fragile newborns. Particular attention will be given to vaccines against hepatitis B, pertussis, influenza, rotavirus, and other vaccine-preventable diseases that may pose increased risks to premature infants. Evidence indicates that most preterm infants can develop adequate immune responses to routine vaccines, supporting vaccination according to chronological age rather than delaying immunization solely because of prematurity. Practical strategies for improving vaccine uptake in NICUs, coordinating immunization with discharge planning, and educating parents and caregivers about vaccine safety and benefits will also be discussed. The session aims to strengthen evidence-based immunization practices, reduce missed vaccination opportunities, and promote comprehensive protection for preterm infants during this critical period of development.